Como identificar um transformador de isolamento - Testes práticos, pistas da placa de identificação e lista de verificação do comprador

Um transformador de isolamento provides galvanic separation between its primary and secondary windings. That electrical separation improves safety, reduces common-mode noise and ground-loop interference, and protects sensitive equipment. Before installation, testing, or procurement, it’s important to be able to confirm that a unit is a true isolation transformer — not an autotransformer or a different control transformer. This guide gives field-tested, safety-first steps and the documentation you should demand from suppliers.

1. Check the nameplate and datasheet first

The quickest, non-intrusive check is the transformer nameplate and accompanying datasheet. Look for clear indicators:

• Primary and secondary voltages (e.g., 230 V : 230 V) and kVA rating.
• Explicit wording like “Isolation Transformer”, “Isolating”, or a 1:1 specification when isolation is the unit’s purpose.
• Vector group or connection diagram and insulation class (F/H).
• Factory test references (hi-pot, insulation resistance) listed or available on request.

A nameplate alone isn’t definitive, but it’s the first and required piece of evidence.

2. Visual & wiring clues on the unit

Isolation transformers typically have separate, clearly labelled terminal blocks for primary and secondary. Additional signs: a dedicated shield/earth terminal (for electrostatic screens), separate enclosure compartments, and robust insulation barriers. If terminals are tied together or share the same block, treat that unit with suspicion.

3. Continuity check (quick, safe, non-destructive)

Importante: always disconnect power and apply lockout/tagout before testing.

Using a digital multimeter in ohms mode, check for continuity between any primary terminal and any secondary terminal. For a genuine isolation transformer you should read no continuity (open circuit). A low resistance reading means the windings are directly connected — that unit is not isolated.

4. Insulation resistance (megger) test — field verification

An insulation-resistance (megger) test measures how well primary and secondary are isolated. Measure MΩ between primary and secondary and between each winding and earth. Acceptable values are typically in the megaohm range; compare to the manufacturer’s datasheet. Low insulation resistance indicates compromised inter-winding insulation.

5. Turns-ratio test (TTR) — confirms winding correctness

A Transformer Turns Ratio tester verifies the expected ratio between primary and secondary. For 1:1 isolation transformers the TTR should read near 1.0. Significant deviations can indicate shorted turns, incorrect wiring, or manufacturing faults.

6. Hi-pot (dielectric) test — definitive proof (trained personnel only)

High-potential testing applies a controlled high AC or DC voltage between primary and secondary to validate insulation strength. This test must be performed by trained technicians following standards (IEC/UL/local codes). Do não hi-pot on site without proper procedures — it can stress insulation if done incorrectly.

7. Ask for documented evidence (EEAT checklist)

To prove isolation performance and support procurement decisions, request:

• Factory hi-pot and insulation test reports.
• TTR and temperature-rise test reports.
• Compliance certificates (IEC/UL/CE as required).
• Wiring diagrams and installation instructions.

Buyer’s quick checklist (one view)

• Nameplate: labelled “Isolation” or 1:1 spec ✔
• Separate primary & secondary terminals ✔
• Continuity test: no primary-to-secondary continuity ✔
• Megger: MΩ per datasheet ✔
• TTR: expected ratio ✔
• Factory hi-pot & test reports ✔

FAQs

Q1 — Can a 1:1 transformer still NOT be an isolation transformer?
Yes. 1:1 ratio indicates equal voltages but does not guarantee separate windings. Always confirm separation via terminal layout, continuity and test reports.

Q2 — Is a megger test enough to prove isolation?
A megger is a strong field test but should be combined with TTR and hi-pot (when needed) plus factory reports for full assurance.

Q3 - Quem deve efetuar os testes hi-pot e TTR?
Only trained technicians or authorized service engineers should perform hi-pot or TTR tests, following safety procedures and standards.

Need verified isolation transformers with factory test reports and on-site commissioning? Contact ZHENGXI Technical Support for datasheets and certified test documentation.